Saturday, November 23, 2024

So that's where it went

 

After 15 years, scientists have found the crater that was formed by crashing a rocket fuel tank into the Moon.

Fifteen Years Later, Scientists Locate a Lunar Impact Site

"In 2009, NASA intentionally crashed a spacecraft into the Moon and used a small trailing spacecraft to observe the results: The Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS) was designed to search for frozen lunar water and other volatiles in the lunar regolith by knocking them off the Moon. Volatiles are materials that readily vaporize, or shift from liquid to gas. The LCROSS impact kicked up a cloud of regolith containing plenty of water (5.6% by mass), along with small amounts of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, methane, and ammonia. But it did so in a permanently shadowed area of the Moon, leaving scientists unable to directly observe the crater after its formation.

Now, new research has located the crater the LCROSS mission left behind, allowing scientists to better contextualize the mission’s results and informing future efforts to locate and use resources on the Moon."

The figure below is from the paper about the discovery, entitled "The LCROSS Impact Crater as Seen by ShadowCam and Mini-RF: Size, Context, and Excavation of Copernican Volatiles"; read it for the full details.











Figure 1. Mini-RF S1 (total backscattered power) (a) before (lsz_00455_87s324) and after (lsz_03391_85s318) for the LCROSS centaur impact location, overlaid on LOLA hillshade (Barker et al., 2023). The D ∼ 900 m fresh crater near the LCROSS impact site has radar-bright rays that cross where the LCROSS impact occurred (also noted by Neish et al., 2011). (c) and (d) are zoom ins. Both the before and after collects were averaged to 7.5 m/px, 3 × 3 Kuan speckle filtered (Kuan et al., 1985), and stretched to a 0.1%–99% range, and gamma corrected (γ = 0.25). The spatial extent of (c) and (d) are the same as Figure 2 (a) and (b) below. Data are in south polar stereographic projection."

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